ST 506 or INTERFACE (out Dated )
(1) ST 506 Cards Supports 2 Hard disks
(2) 2 cables are used (1) Controls signals (2) data cable
(3) HDD Controller is on the Card
(4) It Uses Stepper Band Technology
(5) Also called as open loop Technology
INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE)
(1) Supports Two hard disks
(2) Uses 40 pin single cable
(3) Controller on the hard disk
(4) Voice call Technology
(5) Closed loop Technology
ENHANCES IDE / ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment )
(1) Supports 4 Drives
(2) 40 Pin single cable
(3) controller on hard disk
(4) voice coil Technology
(5) Closed loop Technology
(6) Data Transfer 16.6 mb/sec
SASI / Vide SASI / ultra SASI (Small Computer System Interface )
(1) Supports 7 Drives
(2) Single Cable 50 Pin, 62 pin, 80 pin
(3) controller on hard disk
(4) voice coil Technology
(5) Closed loop Technology
(6) Data Transfer 5 mb/sec, 10 mb/sec, 20 mb/sec, 40 mb/sec
INITILIZATION OF HARD DISK
(1) Mounting of HDD
(a) Fixing HDD in the Bezel : Insert the HDD into the Bezel with the label topside & cable connector back side.
(b) HDD Screws : HDD Screws are small and Rough Thread
(c) Connecting Data Cable : Identifying 1st pin of the Disk Data Connection
· DMA Mode Data Transfer 33.8 (In HDD for DMA (IDE driver ) us should load the driver and it has 80 pin connector.
(d) Connecting Power Cable :
(e) Connecting Data Cable on Mother Board : By Identifying the 1st pin on the Mother board
(f) Entering CMOSS (Configuring in CMOSS )
· Press “Del” Key after switching on the System it opens CMOSS menu
· Select “ IDE Auto Detection “, Then Press Enter
· It Automatically Identifies the Hard Disk
· Save & Come Out
Note : CMOSS parameters Slightly vary motherboard to mother board. Some mother boards may not open CMOSS Setup by pressing “
With F2, F10, Cont + Alt + Esc, Cont+Alt+S.
(2) Partitioning : There are three modes of HDD detection in CMOSS.
(1) Normal Mode : In Normal Mode the system can accesses maximum up to 540 mb HDD
(2) LBA Mode : In LBA Mode the system can accesses maximum up to 8 Gb
(3) Large Mode : In Large Mode the system can accesses maximum up to more than 8 Gb
# Dos Can work up to FAT-16 i.e., 216
(3) Formatting : There are three types of Formatting
(1) Low Level Format : Laying tracks & cylinders & sectors is called as low level format. ST506HDD require low level format. IDE-HDD are low level formatted at the factory so Never low level format for IDE-HDD
(2) Partitioning : While partitioning master boot record is created .partitioning is done by two ways (1) by using “F-Disk” command (2) by using Special utility soft ware like : DM (Disk Manager)
(3) High Level Format : This is done by using “Format” Command. This “Format” creates FAT-Root Directory etc.,
# The Maximum size of patricians accessed by Dos is 2.1 GB which uses FAT-16. Dos uses Fat-16 i.e., 216 = 65,536 This is the maximum number of Clusters accessed by Dos that is why the Partitions size increases with the cluster size. i.e., 65536 x 32 kb =
2 Gb . If the Cluster size is further increased beyond 36 kb the wastage increases more
FAT : The FAT is a part of the system that Dos uses to keep track of where files are stored in the disk. Windows 98 or 95 uses FAT-32 which uses 4 kb of cluster size .
FDISK
To create partissions : Primary à Extended à Logical
To delete partissions : Logical à Extended à Primary
# After Formatting the HDD we should the files config.sys (and) Autoexec.bat or the OS will automatically load these files.
# Config.sys will contain Files, Buffers, Drivers Device.
# “C”-Language used in windows is called is Visual C
FIES : The files command causes Dos to set aside a small block of memory each of which is devoted to track a file when it is been upend.
BUFFERES : The Buffers Command tell dos How many Buffers to set.
# Any driver is loaded through Config.sys
Device = Path of Driver . sys
# Dos can accesses two local drives & 3 HDD partissions & 1 network drive If we want to accesses more than 6 then last drive = “ Z “
# A & B = Local Drives (Floppy)
C,D,E,---- = HDD PARTISSIONS
F = network drive
# To accesses drive letters i.e., G to Z a command last Drive = Z should be added in the Config . sys file
CONFIG . SYS
Files = 75
Buffers = 30
Device = C:\SBCD\DRV\SBIDE . SYS (for
Special files is : MSCDEX . EXE
HDD PROBLEMS
(1) Invalid Drive Specification
(2) Invalid Media
(3) Non-System Diskette
(4) Data
(5) Only 540 mb Accessible
(6) Auto Scanning every time when the system is switched “ ON “
(7) C – Partissions is accessible but remaining is not accessible
(8) HDD – LED Continuously Glowing
(9) When two HDD are connected as Master and Slave Both are not working
(10) HDD Management
Solutions :
(1) Occurs when the HDD is not partitioned or when existing partissions are corrupted --- (a) If the HDD is new or the data is the HDD is not required then partissions the HDD (b) If the Data is required then Run NDD .EXE file “(Notion Disk Doctor ). { But Data is not 100% sequire } and try to retain the Partissions.
(2) Format the HDD
(3) System File Missing : Boot from A – Drive and copy System Files (Sys C: )
(4) This Problem occurs when there are bad Sectors in the Disk : Run Scan Disk and make all Bad Sectors {Never move the CPU when the System is ON }
(5) In the CMOS normal mode is selected for the HDD : Select LBA or Large in the CMOS
(6) This is due to bad Sectors in the HDD : Run Scan Disk twice and thrice
(7) Master Boot Record Corrupted this comes because the Virus : Scan with Utility virus: Use Latest Anti-virus Package
(8) The Cable is Reverse ( Data Cable )
(9) Both are Configured either as Master or either as Slave : Configure Master and Slave Properly
(10) Monthly once Run De-fragmentation in Windows.
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